中华人民共和国环境保护法

 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中华人民共和国主席习近平 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2014年4月24日

 

  

 

 

第一章总则

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of protecting and improving the environment, preventing and controlling pollution and other public hazards, safeguarding public health, advancing ecological civilization and promoting sustainable economic and social development。

第二条本法所称环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，Including air, water, ocean, land, mineral resources, forests, grasslands, wetlands, wildlife, natural relics, human relics, nature reserves, scenic spots, cities and villages。

第三条本法适用于中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域。

第四条保护环境是国家的基本国策。

The State adopts economic and technological policies and measures conducive to saving and recycling resources, protecting and improving the environment, and promoting harmony between man and nature, so as to coordinate economic and social development with environmental protection。

第五条环境保护坚持保护优先、预防为主、综合治理、公众参与、损害担责的原则。

第六条一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务。

地方各级人民政府应当对本行政区域的环境质量负责。

企业事业单位和其他生产经营者应当防止、减少环境污染和生态破坏，对所造成的损害依法承担责任。

公民应当增强环境保护意识，采取低碳、节俭的生活方式，自觉履行环境保护义务。

Article 7 The State supports scientific and technological research, development and application of environmental protection, encourages the development of environmental protection industries, promotes the information construction of environmental protection, and raises the scientific and technological level of environmental protection。

第八条各级人民政府应当加大保护和改善环境、防治污染和其他公害的财政投入，提高财政资金的使用效益。

Article 9 People's governments at all levels shall strengthen the publicity and popularization of environmental protection, encourage grassroots self-governing organizations of a mass nature, social organizations and environmental protection volunteers to carry out publicity of environmental protection laws, regulations and environmental protection knowledge, and create a good atmosphere for environmental protection。

教育行政部门、学校应当将环境保护知识纳入学校教育内容，培养学生的环境保护意识。

新闻媒体应当开展环境保护法律法规和环境保护知识的宣传，对环境违法行为进行舆论监督。

Article 10 The competent department of environmental protection under The State Council shall exercise unified supervision and administration over the work of environmental protection throughout the country.The competent departments of environmental protection under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall exercise unified supervision and administration over the work of environmental protection within their respective administrative areas。

The relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level and the environmental protection departments of the armed forces shall, in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws, exercise supervision and administration over environmental protection work such as resource protection and pollution prevention and control。

第十一条对保护和改善环境有显著成绩的单位和个人，由人民政府给予奖励。

第十二条每年6月5日为环境日。

第二章监督管理

第十三条县级以上人民政府应当将环境保护工作纳入国民经济和社会发展规划。

The competent department of environmental protection under The State Council shall, together with other relevant departments, work out the national environmental protection plan in accordance with the national economic and social development plan and submit it to The State Council for approval and promulgate it for implementation。

The competent environmental protection departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with other relevant departments, work out environmental protection plans for their respective administrative areas in accordance with the requirements of the State environmental protection plan and submit them to the people's governments at the same level for approval and promulgate them for implementation。

The content of the environmental protection plan shall include the objectives, tasks and safeguard measures for ecological protection and pollution prevention and control, and shall be in line with the main functional zone plan, the general plan for land use and the urban and rural planning。

Article 14 In formulating economic and technological policies, the relevant departments under The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall give full consideration to the impact on the environment and solicit the opinions of relevant parties and experts。

第十五条国务院环境保护主管部门制定国家环境质量标准。

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish local standards for environmental quality for items not specified in the national standards for environmental quality;For items already specified in the national standards for environmental quality, local standards for environmental quality that are stricter than the national standards for environmental quality may be formulated。地方环境质量标准应当报国务院环境保护主管部门备案。

国家鼓励开展环境基准研究。

第十六条国务院环境保护主管部门根据国家环境质量标准和国家经济、技术条件，制定国家污染物排放标准。

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their local standards for the discharge of pollutants for items not specified in the national standards;For items already specified in the national standards for the discharge of pollutants, local standards for the discharge of pollutants that are stricter than the national standards for the discharge of pollutants may be formulated。地方污染物排放标准应当报国务院环境保护主管部门备案。

第十七条国家建立、健全环境监测制度。The competent department of environmental protection under The State Council shall formulate monitoring norms, organize monitoring networks in conjunction with relevant departments, uniformly plan the setting up of national environmental quality monitoring stations (points), establish monitoring data sharing mechanisms, and strengthen the management of environmental monitoring。

有关行业、专业等各类环境质量监测站（点）的设置应当符合法律法规规定和监测规范的要求。

监测机构应当使用符合国家标准的监测设备，遵守监测规范。监测机构及其负责人对监测数据的真实性和准确性负责。

Article 18 People's governments at or above the provincial level shall organize relevant departments or entrust professional institutions to investigate and evaluate the environmental situation and establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for the carrying capacity of environmental resources。

第十九条编制有关开发利用规划，建设对环境有影响的项目，应当依法进行环境影响评价。

未依法进行环境影响评价的开发利用规划，不得组织实施；未依法进行环境影响评价的建设项目，不得开工建设。

Article 20 The State establishes cross-administrative coordination mechanisms for joint prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological damage in key regions and river basins, and implements unified planning, standards, monitoring and prevention and control measures。

The prevention and control of cross-administrative environmental pollution and ecological damage other than those provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be solved by the people's governments at higher levels through coordination or by the local people's governments concerned through consultation。

Article 21 The State adopts policies and measures in the areas of finance, taxation, pricing and government procurement to encourage and support the development of environmental protection industries such as environmental protection technology and equipment, comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental services。

Article 22 Where enterprises, public institutions and other producers and business operators further reduce the discharge of pollutants on the basis that the discharge of pollutants meets the statutory requirements, the people's government shall adopt policies and measures in the areas of finance, taxation, pricing and government procurement in accordance with law to encourage and support them。

Article 23 Where enterprises, public institutions and other producers and business operators, in order to improve the environment, change production, relocate or close down in accordance with relevant provisions, the people's government shall provide support。

Article 24 The competent departments for environmental protection of the people's governments at or above the county level, the environmental supervisory institutions entrusted by them and other departments responsible for environmental supervision and administration shall have the right to conduct on-site inspections of enterprises, public institutions and other producers and business operators that discharge pollutants。被检查者应当如实反映情况，提供必要的资料。实施现场检查的部门、机构及其工作人员应当为被检查者保守商业秘密。

第二十五条企业事业单位和其他生产经营者违反法律法规规定排放污染物，造成或者可能造成严重污染的，县级以上人民政府环境保护主管部门和其他负有环境保护监督管理职责的部门，可以查封、扣押造成污染物排放的设施、设备。  

第二十六条国家实行环境保护目标责任制和考核评价制度。People's governments at or above the county level shall include the completion of environmental protection objectives into the assessment content of the departments and their responsible persons who are responsible for environmental protection supervision and management of the people's governments at the same level and the people's governments at lower levels and their responsible persons, as an important basis for their assessment and evaluation。考核结果应当向社会公开。

Article 27 People's governments at or above the county level shall report annually to the people's congress at the corresponding level or the Standing Committee of the people's Congress on the state of the environment and the achievement of environmental protection objectives, and shall promptly report major environmental incidents to the Standing Committee of the people's Congress at the corresponding level and accept supervision according to law。

第三章保护和改善环境

第二十八条地方各级人民政府应当根据环境保护目标和治理任务，采取有效措施，改善环境质量。

未达到国家环境质量标准的重点区域、流域的有关地方人民政府，应当制定限期达标规划，并采取措施按期达标。

第二十九条国家在重点生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等区域划定生态保护红线，实行严格保护。

各级人民政府对具有代表性的各种类型的自然生态系统区域，珍稀、濒危的野生动植物自然分布区域，重要的水源涵养区域，具有重大科学文化价值的地质构造、著名溶洞和化石分布区、冰川、火山、温泉等自然遗迹，以及人文遗迹、古树名木，应当采取措施予以保护，严禁破坏。

Article 30 The exploitation and utilization of natural resources shall be rationally exploited, biodiversity shall be protected, ecological security shall be ensured, and relevant ecological protection, restoration and management plans shall be formulated and implemented in accordance with the law。

引进外来物种以及研究、开发和利用生物技术，应当采取措施，防止对生物多样性的破坏。

第三十一条国家建立、健全生态保护补偿制度。

国家加大对生态保护地区的财政转移支付力度。有关地方人民政府应当落实生态保护补偿资金，确保其用于生态保护补偿。

国家指导受益地区和生态保护地区人民政府通过协商或者按照市场规则进行生态保护补偿。

第三十二条国家加强对大气、水、土壤等的保护，建立和完善相应的调查、监测、评估和修复制度。

第三十三条各级人民政府应当加强对农业环境的保护，促进农业环境保护新技术的使用，加强对农业污染源的监测预警，统筹有关部门采取措施，Prevention and control of soil pollution and land desertification, salinization, barren, stony desertification, land subsidence, and prevention and control of vegetation destruction, soil erosion, water eutrophication, water source depletion, seed source extinction and other ecological disorders，推广植物病虫害的综合防治。

县级、乡级人民政府应当提高农村环境保护公共服务水平，推动农村环境综合整治。

第三十四条国务院和沿海地方各级人民政府应当加强对海洋环境的保护。The discharge of pollutants and dumping of wastes into the sea and the construction of coastal projects and Marine projects shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations and the relevant standards, so as to prevent and reduce pollution damage to the Marine environment。

Article 35 The construction of urban and rural areas shall take into account the characteristics of the local natural environment, protect vegetation, water areas and natural landscapes, and strengthen the construction and management of urban gardens, green Spaces and scenic spots。

第三十六条国家鼓励和引导公民、法人和其他组织使用有利于保护环境的产品和再生产品，减少废弃物的产生。

State organs and other organizations using financial funds shall give priority to the procurement and use of products, equipment and facilities that are conducive to environmental protection, such as energy-saving, water-saving and material-saving。

第三十七条地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，组织对生活废弃物的分类处置、回收利用。

Article 38 Citizens shall abide by laws and regulations on environmental protection, cooperate with the implementation of environmental protection measures, classify and place household waste in accordance with regulations, and reduce the damage caused by daily life to the environment。

Article 39 The State establishes and improves environmental and health monitoring, investigation and risk assessment systems;To encourage and organize research on the impact of environmental quality on public health, and to take measures to prevent and control diseases related to environmental pollution。

第四章防治污染和其他公害

第四十条国家促进清洁生产和资源循环利用。

国务院有关部门和地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，推广清洁能源的生产和使用。

Enterprises shall give priority to the use of clean energy, and adopt processes and equipment with high resource utilization rate and low pollutant discharge, as well as comprehensive waste utilization technology and harmless pollutant treatment technology to reduce the generation of pollutants。

第四十一条建设项目中防治污染的设施，应当与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用。防治污染的设施应当符合经批准的环境影响评价文件的要求，不得擅自拆除或者闲置。

第四十二条排放污染物的企业事业单位和其他生产经营者，应当采取措施，Prevent and control environmental pollution and harm caused by waste gas, waste water, waste residue, medical waste, dust, malodorous gases, radioactive substances, noise, vibration, optical radiation and electromagnetic radiation generated in production, construction or other activities。

排放污染物的企业事业单位，应当建立环境保护责任制度，明确单位负责人和相关人员的责任。

重点排污单位应当按照国家有关规定和监测规范安装使用监测设备，保证监测设备正常运行，保存原始监测记录。

It is strictly prohibited to illegally discharge pollutants through hidden pipes, seepage Wells, pits, perfusion, tampering, falsifying monitoring data, or abnormal operation of pollution prevention and control facilities to evade supervision。

第四十三条排放污染物的企业事业单位和其他生产经营者，应当按照国家有关规定缴纳排污费。排污费应当全部专项用于环境污染防治，任何单位和个人不得截留、挤占或者挪作他用。

依照法律规定征收环境保护税的，不再征收排污费。

第四十四条国家实行重点污染物排放总量控制制度。重点污染物排放总量控制指标由国务院下达，省、自治区、直辖市人民政府分解落实。While implementing the national and local standards for the discharge of pollutants, enterprises and public institutions shall, at the same time, comply with the total emission control targets for key pollutants implemented by their own units。

For areas that exceed the total emission control targets of key pollutants of the State or fail to meet the environmental quality targets determined by the State, the competent environmental protection departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level shall suspend the examination and approval of the environmental impact assessment documents of the construction projects with the total emission of new key pollutants。

第四十五条国家依照法律规定实行排污许可管理制度。

Enterprises, public institutions and other producers and business operators subject to the administration of discharge permits shall discharge pollutants in accordance with the requirements of discharge permits.Those who have not obtained a discharge permit shall not discharge pollutants。

第四十六条国家对严重污染环境的工艺、设备和产品实行淘汰制度。任何单位和个人不得生产、销售或者转移、使用严重污染环境的工艺、设备和产品。

禁止引进不符合我国环境保护规定的技术、设备、材料和产品。

Article 47 People's governments at all levels, their relevant departments, enterprises and institutions shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China, do a good job in risk control, emergency preparedness, emergency handling and post-event recovery of environmental emergencies。

People's governments at or above the county level shall establish public monitoring and early warning mechanisms for environmental pollution and organize the formulation of early warning plans;When the environment is polluted, which may affect public health and environmental safety, early warning information shall be published in a timely manner according to law, and emergency measures shall be initiated。

企业事业单位应当按照国家有关规定制定突发环境事件应急预案，报环境保护主管部门和有关部门备案。When an environmental emergency occurs or is likely to occur, enterprises and institutions shall take immediate measures to deal with it, promptly notify the units and residents that may be harmed, and report to the competent environmental protection department and relevant departments。

After the completion of the emergency handling of environmental emergencies, the people's governments concerned shall immediately organize an assessment of the environmental impact and losses caused by the incident, and promptly publish the assessment results to the public。

Article 48 The production, storage, transportation, sale, use and disposal of chemical substances and articles containing radioactive substances shall comply with the relevant provisions of the State so as to prevent environmental pollution。

Article 49 People's governments at all levels and their agricultural and other relevant departments and institutions shall guide agricultural producers and operators in scientific planting and breeding, scientific and rational application of agricultural inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers, scientific disposal of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop stalks, and prevention of pollution from non-point agricultural sources。

禁止将不符合农用标准和环境保护标准的固体废物、废水施入农田。施用农药、化肥等农业投入品及进行灌溉，应当采取措施，防止重金属和其他有毒有害物质污染环境。

畜禽养殖场、养殖小区、定点屠宰企业等的选址、建设和管理应当符合有关法律法规规定。Units and individuals engaged in livestock breeding and slaughtering shall take measures to scientifically dispose of wastes such as feces, carcasses and sewage of livestock and poultry so as to prevent environmental pollution。

县级人民政府负责组织农村生活废弃物的处置工作。

Article 50 People's governments at all levels shall allocate funds in their fiscal budgets to support environmental protection work such as the protection of rural drinking water sources, the treatment of domestic sewage and other wastes, the prevention and control of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding and slaughtering, the prevention and control of soil pollution and the control of pollution from rural industries and mines。

Article 51 People's governments at all levels shall coordinate urban and rural construction sewage treatment facilities and supporting pipe networks, environmental health facilities such as the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste, facilities and sites for the centralized disposal of hazardous waste and other public facilities for environmental protection, and ensure their normal operation。

第五十二条国家鼓励投保环境污染责任保险。 

第五章信息公开和公众参与 

第五十三条公民、法人和其他组织依法享有获取环境信息、参与和监督环境保护的权利。

The competent environmental protection departments of the people's governments at all levels and other departments responsible for environmental supervision and administration shall, in accordance with the law, disclose environmental information, improve public participation procedures, and provide convenience for citizens, legal persons and other organizations to participate in and supervise environmental protection。

第五十四条国务院环境保护主管部门统一发布国家环境质量、重点污染源监测信息及其他重大环境信息。省级以上人民政府环境保护主管部门定期发布环境状况公报。

The competent departments of environmental protection of the people's governments at or above the county level and other departments responsible for environmental supervision and administration shall, in accordance with the law, disclose information such as environmental quality, environmental monitoring, environmental emergencies, environmental administrative licenses, administrative penalties, and the collection and use of pollution discharge fees。

The competent environmental protection departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level and other departments responsible for environmental protection supervision and management shall record the environmental illegal information of enterprises, public institutions and other producers and business operators into the social integrity archives, and promptly publish the list of offenders to the public。

Article 55 Key pollutants-discharging units shall truthfully disclose to the public the names of their major pollutants, the methods of discharge, the concentration and total amount of discharge, and the situation of excessive discharge, as well as the construction and operation of pollution prevention and control facilities, and accept social supervision。

Article 56 For a construction project that is required to prepare an environmental impact statement according to law, the construction unit shall, at the time of preparation, explain the situation to the potentially affected public and fully solicit opinions。

The department responsible for examining and approving the environmental impact assessment documents of construction projects shall, after receiving the environmental impact report of construction projects, publish the full text except for matters involving state secrets and commercial secrets;If it is found that the construction project has not fully solicited public opinions, the construction unit shall be instructed to solicit public opinions。

Article 57 Citizens, legal persons and other organizations who discover that any unit or individual has committed acts of environmental pollution or ecological destruction shall have the right to report such acts to the competent department for environmental protection or other departments responsible for environmental supervision and administration。

Citizens, legal persons and other organizations that find that the local people's governments at various levels, the competent environmental protection departments of the people's governments at or above the county level and other departments responsible for environmental protection supervision and administration fail to perform their duties according to law shall have the right to report to their higher authorities or supervisory organs。

接受举报的机关应当对举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护举报人的合法权益。

Article 58 For acts that pollute the environment, destroy the ecology or harm the social public interests, social organizations that meet the following conditions may bring a lawsuit in a people's court:

（一）依法在设区的市级以上人民政府民政部门登记；

（二）专门从事环境保护公益活动连续五年以上且无违法记录。

符合前款规定的社会组织向人民法院提起诉讼，人民法院应当依法受理。

提起诉讼的社会组织不得通过诉讼牟取经济利益。

第六章法律责任

Article 59 Where enterprises, public institutions or other producers and business operators discharge pollutants in violation of the law and are fined and ordered to make corrections, but refuse to make corrections, the administrative organ that has made the decision on punishment according to law may, starting from the next day after the date of ordering the correction, impose a continuous penalty in accordance with the original amount of punishment。

The fines and penalties provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be enforced in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and determined by factors such as the operating costs of pollution prevention and control facilities, direct losses caused by illegal acts or illegal gains。

地方性法规可以根据环境保护的实际需要，增加第一款规定的按日连续处罚的违法行为的种类。

第六十条企业事业单位和其他生产经营者超过污染物排放标准或者超过重点污染物排放总量控制指标排放污染物的，县级以上人民政府环境保护主管部门可以责令其采取限制生产、停产整治等措施；情节严重的，报经有批准权的人民政府批准，责令停业、关闭。

Article 61 Where a construction unit starts construction without submitting the environmental impact assessment documents of a construction project in accordance with law or without approval of the environmental impact assessment documents, the department responsible for environmental protection supervision and administration shall order it to stop construction, impose a fine, and may also order it to restore to the original state。

Article 62 If, in violation of the provisions of this Law, a major pollutant discharge unit fails to disclose or does not disclose the environmental information truthfully, the competent department of environmental protection of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order the disclosure, impose a fine, and make a public announcement。

第六十三条企业事业单位和其他生产经营者有下列行为之一，尚不构成犯罪的，除依照有关法律法规规定予以处罚外，由县级以上人民政府环境保护主管部门或者其他有关部门将案件移送公安机关，对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处十日以上十五日以下拘留；情节较轻的，处五日以上十日以下拘留：

（一）建设项目未依法进行环境影响评价，被责令停止建设，拒不执行的；

（二）违反法律规定，未取得排污许可证排放污染物，被责令停止排污，拒不执行的；

(3) Illegally discharging pollutants through hidden pipes, seepage Wells, pits, perfusion, tampering or falsifying monitoring data, or abnormal operation of pollution prevention and control facilities to evade supervision and control;

（四）生产、使用国家明令禁止生产、使用的农药，被责令改正，拒不改正的。

Article 64 Anyone who causes damage due to environmental pollution or ecological destruction shall bear tort liability in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Tort Liability Law of the People's Republic of China。

第六十五条环境影响评价机构、环境监测机构以及从事环境监测设备和防治污染设施维护、运营的机构，在有关环境服务活动中弄虚作假，对造成的环境污染和生态破坏负有责任的，除依照有关法律法规规定予以处罚外，还应当与造成环境污染和生态破坏的其他责任者承担连带责任。

第六十六条提起环境损害赔偿诉讼的时效期间为三年，从当事人知道或者应当知道其受到损害时起计算。

第六十七条上级人民政府及其环境保护主管部门应当加强对下级人民政府及其有关部门环境保护工作的监督。发现有关工作人员有违法行为，依法应当给予处分的，应当向其任免机关或者监察机关提出处分建议。

Where an administrative penalty should be imposed according to law, but the competent department of environmental protection does not impose an administrative penalty, the competent department of environmental protection of the people's government at a higher level may directly make a decision on administrative penalties。

Article 68 The local people's governments at various levels, the competent environmental protection departments of the people's governments at or above the county level, or other departments responsible for environmental protection supervision and management have any of the following acts，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予记过、记大过或者降级处分；造成严重后果的，给予撤职或者开除处分，其主要负责人应当引咎辞职：

（一）不符合行政许可条件准予行政许可的；

（二）对环境违法行为进行包庇的；

（三）依法应当作出责令停业、关闭的决定而未作出的；

(4) failing to promptly investigate and deal with behaviors such as excessive discharge of pollutants, discharge of pollutants by means of evading supervision, causing environmental accidents, and failure to implement ecological protection measures resulting in ecological damage upon discovery or receipt of reports;

（五）违反本法规定，查封、扣押企业事业单位和其他生产经营者的设施、设备的；

（六）篡改、伪造或者指使篡改、伪造监测数据的；

（七）应当依法公开环境信息而未公开的；

（八）将征收的排污费截留、挤占或者挪作他用的；

（九）法律法规规定的其他违法行为。

第六十九条违反本法规定，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

第七章附则

第七十条本法自2015年1月1日起施行。